Salt of the Earth

1954. The Union against the Bosses. The Mexicans against the Anglos. The Women against the Men. Excellent film, embedding three struggles for equality in the broader context of class conflict, with the labor movement being the necessary vehicle for the realization of racial, sexual, and class equality. But equality is not just some abstraction. The demand for equality is a means of achieving something with a bit more spleen to it: dignity. It is dignity that is the object of struggle.

Dignity is central to the film, and is perhaps best materialized in the radio Esperanza had urged Ramon to purchase ("installment plans, the curse of the working man"). 

The film was written by Michael Wilson, directed by Herbert J. Biberman, and produced by Paul Jarrico, all of whom had been blacklisted for alleged communist politics. The film was bankrolled by the International Union of Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers, which had been kicked out the CIO in 1950 because it would not purge the communists from the leadership [1].


Two of the professional actors, Will Geer and Rosaura Revueltas, would be blacklisted by the studios for working on the film. Most of the actors were non-professionals from the community and the Mine, Mill local that had been at the center of the actual strike against Empire Zinc. From Wikipedia

The film was denounced by the United States House of Representatives for its communist sympathies, and the FBI investigated the film's financing. The American Legion called for a nation-wide boycott of the film. Film-processing labs were told not to work on Salt of the Earth and unionized projectionists were instructed not to show it.

After its opening night in New York City, the film languished for 10 years because all but 12 theaters in the country refused to screen it. By one journalist's account: "During the course of production in New Mexico in 1953, the trade press denounced it as a subversive plot, anti-Communist vigilantes fired rifle shots at the set, the film's leading lady [Rosaura Revueltas] was deported to Mexico, and from time to time a small airplane buzzed noisily overhead....The film, edited in secret, was stored for safekeeping in an anonymous wooden shack in Los Angeles."....  The Hollywood Reporter charged at the time that it was made "under direct orders of the Kremlin." Pauline Kael, who reviewed the film for Sight and Sound in 1954, said it was "as clear a piece of Communist propaganda as we have had in many years."

Watch the film and assess where, exactly, you see the communist propaganda. Here it is:

[1] It was, alongside Harry Bridges' International Longshore and Warehouse Union, one of the most racially progressive unions in the United States. So, of course, the CIO would try to break Mine, Mill by encouraging its white locals in the south to defect. Mine, Mill would eventually fold into the Steelworkers' union.